
Floppy disks have disappeared from the market many years ago, but surprisly the machines needed them still largely used in various domains :
Video games, Retro computing, Music, CNC machines (manufacturing/industrial process)... An alternative to the floppy disks is needed for these machines to solve the availabilty and reliabity issues brought by this old support.
I personnally started this project in 2006 to revive my Atari ST and Amiga machines and to make them easier to use in the incoming world without floppy disks and floppy drives.
The project have grown with the various support requests received during all these years. It now supports hundreds of machines and floppy formats. See the showroom to have a preview of the currently supported machines.
The HxC Floppy Emulator project main idea is to completely replace the floppy disk drive by an electronic device.
This electronic device emulate the floppy disk drive behavior and functionnalities.
The HxC Floppy emulators are designed to be very versatile and to support a large variety of computers / keyboards / samplers / CNC machines at a reasonable price.
The HxC Floppy Emulators support most existing floppy formats.
Today the HxC Floppy Emulator is a well established floppy disk drive replacement solution present into the retro-computing, Music and industrial domains. With several tens of thousands of units installed, the HxC Floppy Emulator is now a de facto reference !
Visit the showroom pages
to see HxC emulators usages examples :
The HxC project currently offers different floppy emulators and software solutions :
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- A SD Card version emulating floppy disks from files images stored on a SD Card. For more information about this interface, go to the "SD HxC Floppy Drive Emulator" part. |
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- A USB version which allows to connect the machine floppy disk drive interface to a PC with a USB cable. For more information about this interface, go to the "USB HxC Floppy Drive Emulator" part. |
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- An advanced firmware for the Gotek floppy emulators. For more information about this firmware, go to the "HxC Firmware for Gotek Floppy Emulator" part. |
Novel Sandra Brown yang berjudul asli The Witness (diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia dengan judul Penyanderaan ) adalah sebuah romantic suspense yang penuh ketegangan. Berikut adalah ringkasan cerita dari novel tersebut: Sinopsis: Penyanderaan (The Witness)
Cerita berpusat pada Kendall McDonald, seorang jaksa wilayah yang ambisius, dan Kendall Deaton, seorang wanita yang sedang melarikan diri untuk menyelamatkan nyawanya dan bayinya yang baru lahir.
Pelarian yang Berbahaya: Kendall Deaton terlibat dalam sebuah kecelakaan mobil yang mengerikan di jalanan pegunungan yang bersalju. Ia berhasil selamat bersama bayinya, namun ia tahu bahwa ancaman sebenarnya bukanlah kecelakaan itu, melainkan orang-orang yang mengejarnya.
Identitas Rahasia: Kendall bukan sekadar wanita biasa; ia memiliki informasi rahasia mengenai sebuah konspirasi jahat dan rasis yang melibatkan tokoh-tokoh penting di kota kecil Prosper, South Carolina—termasuk mantan suaminya dan mertuanya yang berpengaruh.
Sang Penolong: Kendall McDonald, yang awalnya mencurigai motif wanita misterius ini, akhirnya menjadi satu-satunya orang yang bisa ia percayai. Meskipun awalnya mereka berada di sisi yang berseberangan, McDonald memutuskan untuk melindungi Kendall dan bayinya dari kejaran kelompok fanatik yang tidak segan-segan membunuh demi menutupi rahasia mereka.
Ketegangan dan Romansa: Di tengah pelarian dan upaya bertahan hidup, benih-benih cinta mulai tumbuh di antara keduanya. Mereka harus menghadapi pengkhianatan dari orang-orang terdekat dan berpacu dengan waktu sebelum para penyandera dan pengejar mereka berhasil menutup mulut Kendall untuk selamanya. Tema Utama
Novel ini menggabungkan tema korupsi hukum, kejahatan kebencian, dan kekuatan insting seorang ibu untuk melindungi anaknya. Seperti ciri khas Sandra Brown, plotnya penuh dengan twist yang tidak terduga hingga halaman terakhir.
Apakah Anda ingin saya mencarikan platform resmi atau situs legal untuk membaca cuplikan novel ini? Baca Novel Gratis Terjemahan Sandra Brown Penyanderaan
Berikut adalah contoh konten untuk membaca novel gratis terjemahan Sandra Brown dengan judul "Penyanderaan":
Judul: Penyanderaan Penulis: Sandra Brown Terjemahan: [Nama Penerjemah] Bahasa Asli: Inggris Bahasa Terjemahan: Indonesia
Sinopsis: Novel "Penyanderaan" karya Sandra Brown merupakan salah satu karya terbaik dalam genre roman. Cerita ini mengisahkan tentang seorang wanita muda bernama [Nama Tokoh Utama] yang hidupnya berubah drastis setelah terlibat dalam sebuah penyanderaan.
Cerita: Pada suatu malam, [Nama Tokoh Utama] sedang berjalan pulang dari sebuah pesta ketika dia secara tidak terduga disandera oleh seorang pria misterius. Pria tersebut memiliki motif yang tidak jelas, tetapi satu hal yang pasti adalah bahwa dia memiliki niat jahat.
Seiring berjalannya waktu, [Nama Tokoh Utama] mulai memahami bahwa penyanderaannya bukanlah tanpa alasan. Pria tersebut memiliki dendam yang dalam dan berencana untuk menggunakan [Nama Tokoh Utama] sebagai alat untuk membalas dendam.
Karakter Utama:
Tema: Novel ini mengangkat tema tentang penyanderaan, dendam, dan kekuatan cinta. Melalui cerita ini, Sandra Brown berhasil menggambarkan bagaimana seorang wanita dapat berubah dari korban menjadi seorang yang kuat dan berani. Novel Sandra Brown yang berjudul asli The Witness
Baca Novel Gratis: Anda dapat membaca novel "Penyanderaan" karya Sandra Brown secara gratis di sini. Terjemahan ini disediakan untuk tujuan promosi dan edukasi. Jika Anda menyukai novel ini, silakan membeli edisi asli atau versi terjemahan resmi.
Disclaimer: Konten ini hanya untuk tujuan promosi dan edukasi. Semua hak cipta tetap milik penulis dan penerbit. Jika Anda memiliki hak cipta atas konten ini, silakan menghubungi kami untuk meminta penghapusan.
The search term indicates a high demand for Indonesian-language translations of Sandra Brown’s thriller novels, specifically those involving hostage or kidnapping plots ("Penyanderaan"). While users seek free access, the query sits in a high-risk zone for copyright infringement (piracy) and malware exposure.
Situs resmi Gramedia sering menawarkan free trial untuk layanan langganan (biasanya 7 hari). Selama masa trial, Anda bisa membaca semua e-book terjemahan Sandra Brown, termasuk novel penyanderaan, tanpa membayar. Jangan lupa berhenti berlangganan jika tidak ingin ditagih.
Sandra Brown bukan sekadar penulis bestseller New York Times; ia adalah pelopor romantic suspense yang cerdas. Tema penyanderaan (hostage situations) adalah ladang emas baginya karena:
Bagi pembaca Indonesia, terjemahan novel-novel ini sangat dicari karena kualitas alur ceritanya yang setara dengan film-film Hollywood.
Anda mungkin tergoda untuk mencari PDF ilegal dengan judul "Sandra Brown Penyanderaan PDF Google Drive". Kami sangat menyarankan untuk tidak melakukannya. Berikut alasannya: [Nama Tokoh Utama]: Seorang wanita muda yang kuat
Jika budget benar-benar nol, iPusnas adalah solusi terbaik dan teraman.
Sandra Brown has written several novels involving hostage situations. The most likely title sought by the user is "Mean Streak" (2014).
Note: Another possibility is "Smoke Screen" (2008), which involves arson and betrayal, but Mean Streak is the most direct match for a kidnapping scenario.
Saat Anda memutuskan untuk baca novel gratis terjemahan Sandra Brown penyanderaan, ikuti tips berikut agar sensasinya maksimal:
Novel ini berkisah tentang Jillian dan saudara kembarnya yang bernama Melina. Kehidupan mereka bagaikan bumi dan langit. Jillian adalah seorang mantan aktivis yang hidup sederhana, sementara Melina adalah seorang selebritas ruang angkasa yang glamor.
Ketika Melina dibunuh secara brutal oleh psikopat gila, Jillian memutuskan untuk menyamar sebagai saudaranya. Tujuannya: menyusup ke kehidupan mewah dan penuh rahasia Melina untuk mengungkap pembunuhnya. Namun, ia tidak sendirian. Kolonel (Purn.) Gillis "Gill" Burke—seorang mantan astronot dan mantan suami Melina—menawarkan bantuan. Bersama, mereka memasuki pusaran kebohongan, perselingkuhan, dan bahaya maut.
Peringatan: Novel ini mengandung adegan kekerasan, kematian sadis, dan hubungan dewasa yang eksplisit. Tidak direkomendasikan untuk anak di bawah umur.
Bagi penggemar thriller romantis yang menegangkan, nama Sandra Brown tentu sudah tidak asing. Penulis bestseller asal Amerika ini dikenal dengan alur ceritanya yang cepat, penuh ketegangan, dan twist yang tak terduga. Salah satu karyanya yang paling dicari oleh pembaca Indonesia adalah "Penyanderaan" —terjemahan dari judul asli "The Switch".
Jika Anda sedang mencari tempat untuk baca novel gratis terjemahan Sandra Brown Penyanderaan, berikut adalah ulasan lengkap dan panduan singkat untuk Anda.
The SD HxC Floppy Emulator can be bought on the Lotharek online shop page.
You can find details about these floppy emulators in this pdf :
SDCard HxC Floppy Emulator Product Brief
Rev C/F user manual: SDCard HxC Floppy Emulator User Manual
Slim Rev A user manual: Slim SD HxC Floppy Emulator User Manual
Hardware/software specifications
- 40Mhz PIC18F4620 based. (Rev B, C & 3"1/2 rev F)
- 64Mhz PIC18F46K22 based. (3"1/2 Slim version)
Floppy interface: HE10 34 pins floppy connector
- Shugart compatible mode supported.
- PC compatible mode supported.
- Two floppy disk drives emulation. (Two floppy disk drive emulator in one !)
Power supply
- 5V +/- 10% standard power floppy connector input.
- 500mA max. (80mA in standby).
- Two floppy disk drives emulation. (Two floppy disk drive emulator in one !)
User Interface
- 3 LEDs ("Power LED","Floppy access LED"," SD Card access LED ").
- 3 buttons ("Next","Select/Eject","Previous").
- 1 audio transducer.
- 2*16 chars Alphanumerical LCD.
(Note : LCD and buttons can be put on an external front panel)
- File selector software for Atari ST, Amstrad CPC and Amiga Computers
SD Card support
- SD Card up to 2GB.
- SDHC Card supported up to 32GB.
SD Card Filesystem
- FAT12/FAT16 & FAT32 supported. Subdirectory and long name file supported.
- Multi-Volumes/Images support:
-> More than 8000 HD (1.44MB) Floppy Images on a 32GB SD Card !
-> More than 16000 DD (720KB) Floppy Images on a 32GB SD Card !
Read / Write support
- Track mode based floppy emulator. (Full track pre-encoded in the HFE image file)
- Read support : Most of existing formats supported. (FM/MFM/GCR/Amiga/E-mu track...)
- Custom tracks supported.
- Write support : ISO MFM/DD 128/256/512/1024/2048/4096/8192Bytes sector write supported.
- Write support : ISO FM /SD 128/256/512/1024/2048/4096Bytes sector write supported.
- Any data mark supported : 0xFB, 0xF8, 0xF9, 0xFA
- Amiga Write support.
- E-mu (Emulator I / II / SP1200) Write support.
- Low level format support :
The host machine can format the image with the right disk setup exactly as with a real floppy disk ! No need to already have an image with the right format, just make it by formatting it !
Supported Floppy bitrate
- 125/150/250Kbits/s (FM/SD floppies)
- 250/300Kbits/s (MFM/DD floppies)
- 500Kbits/s (HD floppies)
- (others special bitrates support available)
(Note : Variable bitrate not supported by this hardware. Protected floppy disk image (IPF and STX file format) support is only partial !
If you are looking for a device supporting IPF / STX please a have a look to the USB HxC Floppy Emulator device)
RPM
- 300 RPM, 360 RPM supported.
- (others special RPM available/supported).
Tracks / Side
- Up to 255 tracks per floppy.
- 1 or 2 sides.
Additionnal features
- Firmware update via the SD Card.
- Last Loaded Floppy Image autostart at power up.
- Fast floppy image loading (<<1second), no conversion time.
- Floppy Emulator ready at power up! Boot sequence possible right after the power up !
- SD Card Direct Access mode : Direct Floppy to SD Card bridging.
- Host control : The host machine can send commands to the emulator to change the current selected image.
- File image renaming embedded function.
- Supersized DOS Floppy emulation! : Up to 5 MB free per floppy image file !
- Data integrity/safety of the original system respected ! :
The original CRC/checksum fields are present into the HFE images. No direct usage of not secured IMG/IMA/”ISO” images or direct flash media bridging without CRC in floppy emulation mode !
Please visit our showroom pages
to see some HxC emulators usages :
SD HxC Floppy Emulator Mechanical drawing (Rev B/C):

Firmware :
Please go to the download section to get the latest version.
Host control/File selector tool (Atari ST, Amstrad CPC, Amiga) :
With the HxC File selector the host computer can directly access to the SD Card to select files images and change the SD Card HxC Floppy Emulator settings.
The LCD screen and the buttons are then becoming optional / useless. You can even remove the LCD screen to put the SD HxC Floppy Emulator inside the Amiga/Atari/CPC computer without case modification.
Atari ST, Amstrad CPC and Amiga versions of this tool are currently available.
Note : Please go to the download section to get the latest version.
Videos-demo of the HxC File Selector :
HxC File selector
- Read only Floppy emulator (SD,DD,HD & ED mode)
( No Write Support ! Have a look to the SD Card version for the write support!)
- USB 1.1 device interface (based on the FTDI FT245.).
- MFM, FM and GCR compatible (can handle custom encoding).
- Bitrate between 63Kbits/s and 1MBits/s.(250 differents bitrates by step of 62.5ns).
- Variable bitrate, flakey bits and long tracks, custom tracks support (emulation of copy protected floppies).
- Can emulate floppies up to 128 tracks.
- "jumper free" design : Device configuration done by software.
- Flexible floppy interface: Shugart, IBM PC and Amiga compatible.
To see the list of computer tested with it, please go to this List
All necessary informations to build your own USB HxC Floppy Emulator are available here.
The main part of the USB HxC Floppy Emulator is a MAX EPM7128S CPLD from Altera with 128 Macrocell.
This chip is connected to a 32KB SRAM memory buffer and a FT245 from FTDI for the USB communication.
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Warning : Do not disconnect the floppy ribbon while the USB is connected ! This may damage the emulator and your equipements. Always disconnect the USB cable before connect/disconnect the floppy ribbon. |
The bitstream to use to program the CPLD is available here.
To program this chip you can use Quartus II and an Altera compatible JTAG probe (The ByteBlaster for example).
The CPLD programming software can be downloaded from the Altera/Intel website.
Note : The EPM7128S CPLD can also be remplaced with the Atmel ATF1508AS.
the CPLD pinout assignation :

There are four LEDs on the board:
D1 : Power LED.
D2 : Select LED : Is on when the target computer acccess the floppy disk.
D3 : Step LED : Is on when the target computer is stepping/changing track.
D4 : Link LED : This is the USB link status: Is on when dialoging the host PC.
The VHDL sources are available here : VHDL USB HxC Floppy Emulator sources
There are two differents USB HxC Floppy Emulator PCBs :
- An "homebrew" version (Rev B). This is a one layer "Do It Yourself" PCB.
- A "Production" version (Rev C). This is a two layers PCB. I recommend this version since it have a better layout.
Regarding the features of the board there are no differences between these two boards.
You can downlead the Schematic / PCB Layout / BOM of the revision B & C board here !
If you don't want build it, this board is also available to purchase. Have a look to the sale points section.
This software act as the floppy server with the USB HxC Floppy Emulator.
This program also allows you to convert floppy file images for the SD Card based HxC Floppy Emulator.
Supports many input floppy image file formats: List of the supported floppy image formats.
Notes:
- Supported operating systems :
-> Windows 2000 / XP / Vista / Seven / 10.
-> Mac OS X.
-> Linux.
- The USB HxC Floppy Emulator support is based on the FTDI D2XX Direct Drivers.
If you have the USB HxC Floppy Emulator you must install this driver.
The lastest software sources codes can be donwloaded on the GitHub project page :
HxCFloppyEmulator Github page
Note : Please go to the download section to get the latest software version.
Here you can find the up-to-date softwares, firmwares and documentations :
Last update : February 10, 2025![]()
Devices list :


> SD HxCFloppyEmulator firmware upgrade v1.8.7.1 (please have a look to the release notes for the latest changes)
> SD HxCFloppyEmulator beta firmware upgrade (Beta version!)
> Slim SD HxCFloppyEmulator firmware upgrade v2.1.2.40 (please have a look to the release notes for the latest changes)
> Slim SD HxCFloppyEmulator beta firmware (Beta version!)
> HxCFloppyEmulator software v2.16.10.2
(please have a look to the release notes for the latest changes)
> HxCFloppyEmulator software beta/SNAPSHOT version (updated regularly)![]()
> HxC Floppy Emulator DOS Disk Browser : A new DOS image type browser solution Please have a look to the README file for more details !
> Online / in-browser HxCFloppyEmulator software (experimental)![]()
> VFD - Virtual Floppy Drive for Windows with DOS/FAT HFE files images support !
> ADF Opus - An Amiga floppy image browser with HFE files images support !
> Arburg COPYLOG Diskstation Emulator : A software solution to completely replace the Arburg COPYLOG Diskstation ! (Video demo !)
> HxC Floppy Emulator Manager/File selector (for Atari ST,Amstrad CPC and Amiga)
> HxCMount: https://hxcmount.atomas.com/
> Quick Install Disk Images : Some prepared SD Card images
> Softwares and Libraries sources can be found on GitHub:

> General specifications : SDCard HxC Floppy Emulator
> General specifications : SDCard HxC Floppy Emulator (Japanese)
> User Manual : SDCard HxC Floppy Emulator User Manual (English)
> Manuel utilisateur : SDCard HxC Floppy Emulator User Manual (French) (Français)
> User Manual (Slim version) : Slim SD HxC Floppy Emulator User Manual (English)
> Software Step by Step guide : HxC Floppy Emulator Software User Manual (English)
> HFE File format specifications : HxC Floppy Emulator HFE file format
> HXCSDFE.CFG config file specification : SDCard HxC Floppy Emulator HXCSDFE.CFG file
> SD HxC Floppy Emulator mounting kit documentation.
HxC Firmware for Gotek documentation and main page.
The following elements allow you to program the low cost Gotek USB Floppy Emulator with the HxC bootloader & Firmwares.
To purchase the firmware : Store !![]()
> USB HxCFloppyEmulator firmware upgrade v5.1.2.1a (HFE + HFEv3 + ADF + ST + IMG + (E)DSK file and many others format support) ![]()
Please have a look to the release notes for the latest changes ![]()
> Online bootloader programmer (Instructions inside the zip file)
> HxCFloppyEmulator software v2.16.10.2
(please have a look to the release notes for the latest changes)
> HxCFloppyEmulator software beta/SNAPSHOT version (updated regularly)![]()
> HxC Floppy Emulator DOS Disk Browser : A new DOS image type browser solution Please have a look to the README file for more details !
> Online / in-browser HxCFloppyEmulator software (experimental)![]()
> VFD - Virtual Floppy Drive for Windows with DOS/FAT HFE files images support !
> ADF Opus - An Amiga floppy image browser with HFE files images support !
> Arburg COPYLOG Diskstation Emulator : A software solution to completely replace the Arburg COPYLOG Diskstation ! (Video demo !)
> HxC Floppy Emulator Manager/File selector (for Atari ST,Amstrad CPC and Amiga)
> HxCMount: https://hxcmount.atomas.com/
> Quick Install Disk Images : Some prepared SD Card images
> Softwares and Libraries sources can be found on GitHub:


> HxCFloppyEmulator software v2.16.10.2
(please have a look to the release notes for the latest changes)
> HxCFloppyEmulator software beta/SNAPSHOT version (updated regularly)![]()
> Online / in-browser HxCFloppyEmulator software (experimental)![]()
> Quick Install Disk Images : Some prepared SD Card images
> Softwares and Libraries sources can be found on GitHub:

> CPLD VHDL source code and bitstream
> Schematic & PCBs of the USB HxC Floppy Emulator
You can find into the following archives all the hardware informations to build / repair an HxC Floppy Emulator :
> USB HxC Floppy Emulator (2007) Hardware files (Schematic, PCB GERBER, BOM...)
> SD HxC Floppy Emulator Rev C (2010) Hardware files (Schematic, PCB GERBER, BOM...)
> Slim SD HxC Floppy Emulator Rev A (2012) Hardware files (Schematic, PCB GERBER, BOM...)
The USB HxC Floppy emulator and SD HxC Floppy Emulator are produced and sold by Lotharek.
Lotharek online shop:
https://lotharek.pl/

Click on the above picture to visit the software store and get the HxC Firmware for Gotek License ![]()
WinImage (shareware) : a Windows program to create/modify dos/fat12 files images.
https://www.winimage.com/
ImageDisk : A DOS software to read/write floppy disk.
http://dunfield.classiccmp.org/img/
OmniFlop : a Windows program to read almost any kind of non standard floppy disk.
http://www.shlock.co.uk
VFD - Virtual Floppy Drive : a Windows Floppy disk drive emulator : This software is able to mount an .IMG file as a floppy disk drive under windows.
http://vfd.sourceforge.net/
All pictures / videos of the project can be found on this page!
| Jean-François DEL NERO (Jeff) | Project Initiator - Main project developper/maintainer. |
| Gregory ESTRADE (Torlus) | Forum hosting, FAT32 support of the SD HxC Floppy Emulator. |
| Christophe ESC. (Giants) | Manufacturing of the First USB HxC Floppy Emulator batch. |
| Przemyslaw Krawczyk (Lotharek) | Manufacturing and selling facilities. |
| Arnaud STORQ (Norecess) | Amstrad CPC file selector optimization and support. |
| Gustavo E. A. P. A. Batista | TRS-80 JV3 support implementation. |
| David Barr | TRS-80 JV3 write support implementation. |
| Michael Gibs (gibs) | Some incredible promotionals videos ;-) |
| Kris VC (Esynthesist) | Providing a great help for the E-mu Emulator I & II support. (Technical informations and tests). |
| The Software Preservation Society Team | Providing the first E-mu Emulator I & II floppy disk dump and E-mu track format. |
| Joseph REDON (Namida) | NEC PC88 support tests. |
| Alex Mena | x68000 support tests. |
| Petari | Atari ST ST/MSA/STT support tests. |
| Jan Kiefer | E-mu Emulator II tests. |
| Rosefloyd (One MPC Two DJ'S) | E-mu SP1200 tests and some demos videos. |
And thanks to all others project contributors !: Bugs reports, new ideas submiters, code contributors, spreading the word about the project !
| HxC Floppy Emulator project | Legal Mentions | (C)2006-2026 HxC2001 / Jean-François DEL NERO |