Indagu za Magayane na Mama Domitila
from :(theorusi_Fabi" <rusincizatheo@yahoo.fr)
Hari umuvandimwe uherutse kungezaho igitekerezo cya Magayane, akigereranya n;ubuhamya bwa Maman Domitilla, nsanga ari ngombwa ko nabigeza kubasomyi ba DHR; Yatangiye agira ati:"muribuka ko Magayane;umugabo wavukiye muri prfecture ya Ruhengeri;yavuze byinshyi ku mahano azabera mu Rwanda, ntibyatinze byose byarabaye, twese tubibona,kandi abenshi barabisuzuguraga ngo ntashyingiro bifite. Mu byo yavuze ,akaza no kubizira, akabifungirwa muri Prison spciale ya Ruhengeri, twafatamo ibyingenzi bikurikira:
Maman Domitilla:
Maman Domitilla nawe, ukomoka i Murenge ho muri Zaire mu buhamya bwe, akimara
gupfa akajyanwa mu ijuru, akaza kuzuka, akagaruka nyuma y,iminsi 4, yazanye
ubutumwa bugaragara, kandi bwo kwitonderwa. Mu gice cya nyuma mu buhamya bwe
aragira ati:
BASOMYI MWESE DUHURIYE KULI IZI MBUGA: NIFUJE KUBAGEZAHO IBYO NZI KU BUHANUZI BWA MAGAYANE, NKABA NSABA INKUNGA BAGENZI BANJYE AHO BARI HOSE KUNYUNGANIRA KUKO MULI AMOSI 3:7 IMANA YARAVUZE NGO: NTA KIZABA NTABANJE KUGIHISHULIRA ABAHANUZI.
MAGAYANE YARI UMUGABO UFITE IMPANO Y' UBUHANUZI, AKABA YARAKOMOKAGA MU KARERE BITAGA UBUKONYA, KOMINI YA GATONDE, MU RUHENGERI. MBERE YUKO MVUGA IBYO YAHANURIYE ABANDI, DORE IBYO YIHANURIYE UBWE:
Perefe Zigiranyirazo muramu wa Habyarimana akimara kwumva ko nta kabuza abatutsi bari hanze bazafata urwanda, nyuma ariko ngo bakazarwirukanwamo n' umuzungu warubahaye, Zigiranyirazo yatse insinzi, Magayane ati kereka Habyarimana yeguye igihugu akagiha abanyenduga kuko nibo bazi amacenga y' abatutsi, bityo mwebwe mukicara. Zigiranyirazo yavuze ko bafunga Magayane, Magayane akigera mu buroko 1930 yabwiye uwamutekeraga ati: ku wa kane nzapfa maze kurya imboga. Niko byagenze. kuko yahawe i mboga z' isogo yakundaga jeudi yitaba imana. Yanabwiye n' uwo musoda wamutekeraga ko azagwa mu maguru y' abagore, niko byabaye uwo musore yagiye gusambanya umugore w' undi mugabo, ategerwa kw' irembo bamutsinda aho.
Ibyo yahanuriye abandi ni ibi: yabwiye ambasaderi Kagenza Alphonse muli nzeli 1972 ko Kayibanda uzengurutse urwanda rwose ngo aribuka isabukuru y' imyaka 10 y'ubwigenge ko ariho asezera ku banyarwanda ko nta myaka itatu azamara ategeka, ko nategura n' imva ye itazaboneka.
Yabwiye Kanyarengwe alexis ko azahunga akambuka Akagera, akagaruka arwana, akazitwa umutegetsi wa nyirarureshywa, akabona ibibi n' ibyiza, nyuma agapfa adahinnwe azize indara-mabuno.
Yavuze ko hari abazungu bagiye gufungirwa mu Ruhengeri, abandi b' abatasi bazabakurikira bakagwa kuli Muhungwe byarabaye, abacanshuro bashatse gufata Congo banyuze i Goma en 1978 surete ya Lizinde yari ikaze ibata muli yombi bafatirwa mu mahoteli ku Gisenyi, bafungiwe mu Ruhengeri, nyuma yaho abandi bakoreye plan yo gufata Rwanda na Congo byombi muli parc y' i birunga i Rwindi (congo),baje mu Rwanda n' ibyuma kabuhariwe bifotora, indege ibagusha muli komini Kanama(bugoyi- gisenyi) hafi ya Muhungwe.
Magayane yahamagariwe gukora animation bamamaza, banacengeza amatwara ya muvoma, ati: uwabyiniye Nkubitoyimanzi Rudahigwa, na bwenge nyakuli Kayibanda, ntiyabyinira muvoma izanywe n' abungura bazubika u Rwanda.
Bourgmestre Kabalira yahise amufungira mu kasho amuziza gupfobya MRND, akanatuka prezida wayo ngo ni umwungura w' umushyushya. Nyuma y' icyumweru baramurekuye, Magayane abwira Kabalira ati: kumfungira ubusa kwawe nawe uzafungirwa ahatava izuba. Bwarakeye basanga Kabalira yarariye imisanzu ya MRND, yafungiwe muli prison special mu ruhengeri.
Magayane yabwiye Theoneste Lizinde ati: ugiye kuzafunganwa n' abantu bambaye utubuye tubengerana ku ntugu, mukazashyirwa aho wajyaga ufungira abandi. Bwarakeye Lizinde avumbura imashini yakoraga amafranga, iyo mashini yari ihuriweho na Majyambere n' ibindi bikomerezwa. Lizinde abigejeje i bukuru, bati uyu muntu azabwira abanyamahanga akari i murore bati: tumwohereze Zimbabwe, navayo tuti yateguraga coup d' etat, ahite afungwa.
Yabwiye Lizinde ati ikimenyetso cy' ifungwa ryawe n' umwana uzabyarwa na madame Habyarimana ari ikimara. Byarabaye uwo mwana avukira mu bubiligi ari ikimara (baramuhishaga) nta cyumweru cyahise Lizinde atabwa muli yombi. Magayane ati Lizinde nufungurwa n' ingabo zizaturuka hanze, uzicarana nazo akanya gato, uzahunga, zizagutsinda hanze.
Magayane yabwiye adjudant chef wayoboraga gereza ya Ruhengiri witwaga Sembagare ati: uri igikenya ntuzisazira. Bwarakeye ajya iwabo i muramba-gisenyi, inkuba itagira amazi iramwasa.
Magayane yabwiye undi muyobozi w' iyo gereza adjudat Cyarahani ati:uzicirwa muli iyi prison, umwaga wawe uzashirira aha.
Yabwiye abanyururu bagenzi be ati: iyi myenda mubona y' umukara twambaye izasimbuzwa ibara ribengerana( rose) yarongeye ati: ibohozwa ry' iyi prison rizabanziriwa no kumwa kw' iki giti cy' inganzamarumbu mubona imbere ya gereza, ati hano munzu ndani hazinjira ihene izaherekeza abashyitsi. Bwarakeye igiti kiriyumisha, naho ubwo musenyeri Nsengiyumva yasuraga gereza ya Ruhengeri,bibagiwe gukinga ihene irabinjirana, nijoro bumva iramena amasafuriya irya ubugali
Magayane ati : ngicyo ikimenyetso mwatashye, mais abazahungira Rwabeya muzashira. Abahungiye Rwabeya-musanze bahuye n' abacodo ba Mukamira baje kubohoza Ruhengeri, babamenaho urusoro babita inyenzi
Kubera atahwemye kwikoma ingoma ya kinani, byateye ubwobo abayobozi ba gereza ya
Ruhengeri, bahitamo kumushyikiriza ibiro by' ipererza ngo yisobanure. Yasabye ko
Habyara n' ibyegera bye baza, maze ubuhanuzi bufatwa kuli za cassettes
buranandikwa. dore uko yavuze:
Wowe Habyarimana ndagukandagiye ugiye kugwa ku kibuga gikikijwe n' imfunzo
kandi nupfa Kigali
izuzuramo intumbi agahiryi. Ibimenyetso n' abazungu bazaza kugukanga nawe
uzashyira mu bitugu byawe mu bushorishori umugore w'umugambanyi, Inyamaswa y'
ihembe limwe izaba ibiyogoza mu rukiga na ndorwa, iyo nyamaswa izakwira urwanda
imena amaraso menshi, izaguhitana nta kabuza, keretse weguye.
Habyara ati shaka insinzi: Magayane ati ntayo, ati ubutegetsi bwawe buzafatwa nabo bavantara, bazigera kino gihugu, nyuma bazakivanwamo nk' ubufindo. Magayane ati: uzasimburwa na Rusukumo ruzamara amezi atatu, hakurikireho Bihwahwa wo ku ruzi rw' iwanyu, nyuma ye ngo hazategeka Rwabujindiri rurya ntiruhage; uwo Rwabujindiri azajegezwa ihembe inshuro enye, ihirikwa rya Rwabujindiri rizagenda ritya:
Magayane ati: azaraswa umwambi w' igishirira na bene-nyina ari mu Bugesera nyuma hazameneka andi maraso menshi, noneho rutuku wamuhaye ubutegetsi ashyireho umusaza usheshe akanguhe uzaba ari inyuma y' igihugu azane ihumure, acyure rukara rw' igisage ruzabyinirwa bigatinda.
Abantu bazaba baragiye ishyanga bose batahuke, habeho umunezero n' uburumbuke n' amahoro ya nyayo.
Uko bizamera ingoma ya Rwabujindiri igeze mu marembera: hazabaho isubiranamo ry' abiyicaje ku ntebe. Hazabaho inzara, agahili n' agahinda, no kwiyahura. Hazabaho urwikekwe yewe n' umwana azatinya se na nyina ; hazabaho amalira yuzuye intango ku bali mu bihome hazabaho ibisahira-nda birya akaribwa n' akataribwa, bazakora ibishoboka byose ngo batsinsure rwara rw' umugara rubundiye mu mashyamba, nyamara nabyutsa umugara igihuru kizabyara igihunyira. Bazafatanya n' anyamahanga, nyuma bibe zero, ahubwo intambara yongere itangire ikazahagarikwa na l' onu ya gatatu.
Magayane ati uwo rutuku uzaza agahagarara hagati y'abazaba barwana, niwe uzatoranya umutegetsi.
Hazabaho inyoni z' uducurama zizarika mu biti by'abo biyicaje ku ntebe. Hazabaho ibika ry' isake isura urwimo ikigera ku mutambiko w' urusenge, hazabaho abandi bazahanura nkanjye bakabizira: hazabaho ihene izabyara isekurume indwi zange konka.
Umwami w' ishyamba azaza kwiba.
Mwibuke ko Magayane yavuze ati: nimubona Kigali yuzuye amase atewe n' imyigaragambyo y' inka. muzamenye ko kinani yahirimye, kuko amase azasimbuzwa intumbi z' abantu. byarabaye mu kwa gatatu 1993, umugabo watswe igikingi yazanye inka ze kuli rond-point Kigali. Inka zacunzwe n' aba Gd umugi wabaye umunuko kubera amase. Nyuma intumbi zasimbuye amase.
Ikindi gikomeye yaravuze ati: Habyarimana nupfa, abantu bazahunga iki gihugu, ati aliko abazahungira mu majyaruguru y' uburengera-zuba bazapfamo benshi. koko abahungiye Goma, Mugunga, Kibumba, Katale, Kahindo basanze docteur ru....umututsi ukomoka ku kibuye uba mu bihugu byo hanze yakwije amarozi muli nord kivu, bayasigaga ku gisheke, irindazi, umuneke, ikijumba,ikigeli, bashyize no mu bigage, inzagwa,n' amasigara, imbaga yarahatikiye ngo ni kolera daaa!
Magayane yabisubiyemo inshuro eshatu ati: aba bavantara baturutse i bugande bazafata kino gihugu nta kabuza, ati aliko bararye bali menge kuko bazakibavanamo kandi nabi. Ababizi bemeza ko abo mu kazu ka fpr imitungo yabo yambukijwe kera ikaba ili muli erythrea, ethiopie, afrika y' epfo, i burayi na amerika. mbese barasahura nkaho nta mizero bafitiye u rwanda.
Ubu buhanuzi mbukesha umwe mu bakozi b' ibiro by' iperereza bo hambere en 1978 wandikiraga kinani ibivuzwe na Magayane. Ukunyunganira kwanyu bizanshimisha.
Ntabwoba gregoire.
Indi ndagu: http://ikazeiwacu.fr/2014/10/14/ubuhanuzi-ku-bihugu-rwanda-burundi-uganda-congo-na-tanzania/
Safety Data Sheets (SDS), formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), are critical for safely managing industrial chemicals like Nalcool 2000, a corrosion inhibitor widely used in diesel engine cooling systems. Essential Safety Profile: Nalcool 2000
Nalcool 2000 contains active ingredients such as sodium nitrite, sodium tetraborate, and sodium metasilicate, which provide robust protection for cast iron, copper, and aluminum components. However, these same components necessitate strict safety protocols: SAFETY DATA SHEET NALCOOL® 2000
Understanding the MSDS for NALCOOL 2000: A Comprehensive Safety and Application Guide
The NALCOOL 2000 Safety Data Sheet (SDS), formerly known as a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), provides critical information for the safe handling, storage, and application of this specialized engine cooling treatment. Manufactured by companies like Nalco Water (an Ecolab company) and Wilhelmsen, NALCOOL 2000 is a nitrite-based corrosion inhibitor designed specifically for closed cooling systems, particularly in diesel engines. 1. Product Identification and Core Hazards
NALCOOL 2000 is primarily classified as an irritant and harmful substance. It is a dark red liquid with a slight organic odour, featuring a high pH (typically 11.1–11.8), making it mildly alkaline. Primary Hazards identified in the SDS:
Skin and Eye Irritation: Direct contact can cause redness, pain, and moderate to serious irritation.
Ingestion Toxicity: Harmful if swallowed. It contains sodium nitrite, which can lead to methemoglobinemia, a condition that reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen, potentially causing cyanosis or death.
Aquatic Toxicity: The product is harmful to aquatic life; spills must be contained to prevent environmental damage. 2. Chemical Composition
The effectiveness of NALCOOL 2000 as a corrosion inhibitor comes from its specific chemical blend: SAFETY DATA SHEET NALCOOL 2000
This guide summarizes the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for Nalco 2000 (also known as Nalcool 2000), a corrosion inhibitor and scale suppressant used primarily in closed-loop cooling systems, such as diesel engines. 1. Product Identification & Composition
Nalco 2000 is a dark red, odorless liquid. It is alkaline, with a pH typically between 11.1 and 11.8. Key Active Ingredients:
Sodium Nitrite: Acts as a corrosion inhibitor but is toxic if ingested. msds nalco 2000
Sodium Tetraborate & Sodium Metasilicate: Provide alkalinity and further corrosion protection.
Sodium Mercaptobenzothiazole: An additional additive for metal protection. 2. Hazard Identification Nalco 2000 is classified as Harmful and an Irritant. SAFETY DATA SHEET NALCOOL® 2000
This is a common request for Nalco 2000, which is an industrial cooling water treatment chemical (often a corrosion inhibitor and scale control agent).
Important Note: Nalco is an Ecolab company. Specific formulations for "Nalco 2000" can vary by region and over time. You must obtain the actual SDS from the supplier for the exact batch you have. The following is a standard "Useful Piece" (template/composite) based on common characteristics of Nalco's phosphonate/polymer based cooling water treatments.
The shift from MSDS to the globally harmonized SDS system makes it easier to understand risks, but the core purpose remains: protecting people and the environment. For Nalco 2000, the MSDS addresses several key concerns:
"Nalco 2000" + coagulation.This report summarizes critical safety and handling data for NALCOOL® 2000 (often referred to as Nalco 2000
), a liquid corrosion inhibitor and cooling water treatment chemical manufactured by Nalco/Ecolab. Product Overview
Primarily used as a diesel engine corrosion inhibitor and for closed-system cooling water treatment. Manufacturer: Nalco Water (an Ecolab Company) Hazard Identification Nalco 2000 is classified under GHS as a hazardous mixture. irp.cdn-website.com Skin/Eye Irritation:
Classified as Category 2 (Skin) and Category 2A (Eye). Direct contact causes redness, pain, and serious irritation. Specific Toxicity:
May cause damage to organs (specifically blood/methemoglobinemia) if swallowed. Ingestion:
Ingestion of sodium nitrite can lead to cyanosis and potentially fatal outcomes in large doses. Reproductive Hazard: Safety Data Sheets (SDS), formerly known as Material
Some data sheets indicate it may damage fertility or the unborn child (H360). irp.cdn-website.com Safety Data Sheets - SDS - MSDS - Ecolab
NALCOOL 2000 (also known as Nalco 2000) is a liquid, nitrite-based chemical treatment used primarily for corrosion and scale control in closed cooling systems, such as diesel engine cooling and chilled water systems.
The Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) classifies it as Harmful and an Irritant. Key Product Features
Multifunctional Protection: Formulated to control corrosion, scale, and fouling to maintain system efficiency and extend equipment life.
Material Compatibility: Safe for ferrous metals (cast iron), copper, copper alloys, and aluminium. It is also designed to be non-harmful to rubber gaskets, O-rings, and seals.
Advanced Additives: Contains specific inhibitors like Nitrite for mild steel, Tolyltriazole for copper, and Silicate for aluminium.
Application Ease: Supplied as a red liquid that is fully soluble in water and compatible with ethylene glycol-based antifreezes. Chemical Composition & Hazards Hazard Info Sodium Nitrite Oxidizer (when dry), toxic if swallowed Sodium Tetraborate Irritant, used as a pH buffer Sodium Metasilicate Corrosive/Irritant to skin and eyes Nalco Nalcool 2000 MSDS | Occupational Safety And Health
: Often classified as harmful if swallowed and can cause serious eye irritation. It may also be harmful if it comes into contact with skin or is inhaled. Composition : Typically contains Sodium Nitrite Sodium Borate
. Sodium Nitrite is the primary component responsible for protecting ferrous metals from corrosion. First-Aid Measures Eye Contact : Flush with water for at least 15 minutes. Skin Contact : Wash with soap and water.
: Seek medical attention immediately; do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel. Handling & Storage
: Must be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area. It is incompatible with strong acids and oxidizing agents. ⚙️ Technical Performance Features Section 11: Toxicological Information
Nalco 2000 is engineered for long-term engine protection and maintenance efficiency: Multi-Metal Protection
: Formulated to protect ferrous metals (iron/steel), copper, copper alloys, and aluminum components found in modern cooling systems. Non-Aggressive Formula
: Does not affect rubber gaskets, hoses, or other non-metallic seals within the system. Mixing Ratio
: For optimal protection, it is typically mixed at a ratio of 1 part Nalco 2000 to 32 parts de-mineralized water Service Life : Recommended for a standard service interval of , after which the system should be drained and flushed. Maintenance Testing : Concentration levels can be monitored using specialized Nalco Test Kits to ensure the chemical balance remains effective. 📋 Safety Summary Table Physical State Pink or Clear Liquid Solubility Completely soluble in water Primary Ingredient Sodium Nitrite (Corrosion Inhibitor) Harmful if swallowed; Eye irritant
Must be disposed of according to local environmental regulations (contains nitrites) of the specific chemical percentages or emergency response protocols for this product?
Under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), Nalco 2000 is generally classified as:
Signal Word: WARNING
Hazard Statements (H-Statements):
If you are a safety manager, conduct this rapid fire drill quarterly:
In the world of industrial water treatment and process chemicals, few product codes are as recognizable as Nalco 2000. Manufactured by Ecolab’s Nalco Water division, Nalco 2000 is a specialty coagulant and flocculant aid widely used in clarification processes for raw water, wastewater, and industrial process streams. However, with its widespread use comes a critical responsibility: understanding its safety profile.
The MSDS for Nalco 2000 (Material Safety Data Sheet, now more commonly referred to as the Safety Data Sheet or SDS) is the essential document that guides engineers, plant operators, and safety officers in handling this chemical correctly. This article provides a deep dive into the Nalco 2000 MSDS, breaking down its key sections, hazard classifications, first-aid measures, and practical handling advice.
Note: While this article provides a general overview based on historical and publicly available data, you must always obtain the most current SDS for Nalco 2000 directly from Ecolab or Nalco Water, as formulations and regulatory classifications can change.