Robert Palmer - Discography -flac Songs- -pmedi... Now

It looks like you're referencing a file or folder name from a P2P or torrent release — possibly related to the musician Robert Palmer (known for hits like "Addicted to Love" and "Simply Irresistible").

However, I can’t provide or link to copyrighted, pirated, or FLAC-ripped discography downloads directly. That would violate both copyright law and my usage policies.

If you're interested in Robert Palmer's music legally in high quality (like FLAC), here’s what I can suggest instead:


Part 3: Decoding “-PMEDI...” in the Keyword

The suffix -PMEDI (often written as -PMEDIA or PMEDIA) is a tag used in peer-to-peer music release groups. These groups rip CDs according to strict rules:

When a collector searches for “Robert Palmer - Discography -FLAC Songs- -PMEDI...” , they are likely looking for a release from the PMEDIA group (or similar like WEB, CD, Vinyl-Rip) that guarantees:

  1. True FLAC (not upscaled MP3)
  2. Proper tagging (artist, album, year, genre, cover art)
  3. Complete discography in one download/torrent

📀 The Collection Details

This [PMEDI] release features a comprehensive collection of Robert Palmer’s studio albums in FLAC format, ensuring you hear every nuance of the original recordings. No compression, no quality loss—just pure audio fidelity.


Robert Palmer – Complete Discography (FLAC) – [PMEDI]

Genre: Rock, Pop, Blue-Eyed Soul, New Wave Audio Quality: FLAC (Lossless) Total Size: Approx. 4.5 GB Source: CD / Digital Remasters


Option 3: Bibliographic / Cataloging Paper

Title:

Cataloging Digital Music Collections: The Case of “Robert Palmer - Discography -FLAC Songs- -PMEDI”

Focus:


Please tell me which option you need (1, 2, or 3), or clarify the real purpose of this request (e.g., academic paper, blog post, technical documentation, or just help understanding the filename).

Once you confirm, I will write the full, long paper for you.

The phrase you provided appears to be a specific metadata tag

from a digital collection, likely referencing a high-fidelity (FLAC) Robert Palmer discography shared by the "PMEDIA" group.

While that specific file string refers to a digital archive, you can find official high-quality Robert Palmer collections through the following retailers: Top Robert Palmer Anthologies

Best of Both Worlds: The Robert Palmer Anthology (1974-2001)

: This is widely considered the most comprehensive collection, spanning his entire career from his blue-eyed soul beginnings to his MTV-era rock. Expert reviewers from Antone’s Record Shop

(~$19.99) note that it "ably completes the musical circle," featuring his work with The Power Station alongside hits like "Addicted to Love". Robert Palmer: At His Very Best

: A solid choice for casual fans, this compilation covers his major hits from the '70s through the '90s. It is available at Grooves-Inc.com (~$9.24) and includes later tracks from 2002.

20th Century Masters - The Millennium Collection: The Best of Robert Palmer

: A budget-friendly, remastered option that focuses on his peak commercial years. You can find it at Tumbleweeds Record Shop for around ~6.00. Chalkys.com Live Performances Robert Palmer: Live at The Apollo

: For those seeking the energy of a live performance, this numbered limited edition vinyl is available at Elusive Disc

(~$29.99). It features a "wild ride" through his discography, including his famous cover of Marvin Gaye's "Mercy Mercy Me". in FLAC format, or would you like a complete list of his studio albums to help organize your collection? Robert Palmer At His Very Best [CD] - Chalkys.com

Robert Palmer was a master of stylistic transformation, seamlessly moving from blue-eyed soul and funk to the sleek, synth-driven rock that defined the 1980s. For audiophiles and collectors, his discography is a treasure trove of meticulous production, making high-fidelity formats like FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) the preferred way to experience his music. The Evolution of a Sound: Robert Palmer’s Musical Journey

Palmer’s career is often divided into his early, soulful explorations and his later global superstardom.

The Island Years (1974–1983): Palmer’s early solo albums, such as Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley and Pressure Drop, were recorded with legendary backing bands like Little Feat and The Meters. These albums are essential in FLAC because they capture the raw, organic groove of live studio musicianship.

The MTV Era and Success (1985–1990): With the release of Riptide and the iconic "Addicted to Love," Palmer became a household name. This era is characterized by sharp digital production and heavy percussion. Lossless audio is critical here to preserve the "punch" of the drum machines and the clarity of his distinct, baritone vocals. Why FLAC is Essential for Robert Palmer Fans

For fans searching for terms like "Robert Palmer Discography FLAC," the goal is typically bit-perfect audio. Unlike MP3s, which strip away "unnecessary" data to save space, FLAC retains every bit of the original studio recording.

Dynamic Range: Palmer’s music often features sudden shifts from quiet crooning to explosive rock choruses. High-quality files prevent the "clipping" or "muffling" often found in low-bitrate streams.

Instrumentation Detail: In tracks like "Johnny and Mary," the subtle synthesizer layers can get lost in compression. FLAC ensures these textures remain distinct.

Archival Quality: For serious collectors, a FLAC discography serves as a digital master, allowing for future-proof storage without ever losing sound quality. Key Highlights of the Discography Robert Palmer - Discography -FLAC Songs- -PMEDI...

If you are building a lossless collection, these albums are the "must-haves":

Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley (1974): A funk-soul masterpiece. The interplay between the bass and drums requires the depth of lossless audio to truly "feel" the rhythm.

Clues (1980): A pivot into New Wave. Featuring contributions from Gary Numan, this album is a playground of electronic sounds.

Riptide (1985): The peak of his commercial power. This album sounds best on a high-end system where the "Big Rock" production can shine.

Heavy Nova (1988): A daring mix of "Heavy Metal" and "Bossa Nova" (hence the title), showcasing Palmer's range. Understanding the "-PMEDIA-" Tag

In the world of digital archiving and online communities, tags like -PMEDIA- often refer to specific digital "rips" or community-curated releases. These are frequently sought after because they often signify a high-quality source—such as a Japanese SHM-CD or an original UK vinyl pressing—that has been carefully digitized to maintain the highest possible fidelity. Final Thoughts

Robert Palmer was more than just a well-dressed man in a suit; he was a sonic pioneer. Whether you are revisiting his deep-cut funk tracks or his chart-topping rock anthems, hearing them in FLAC ensures you are hearing the music exactly as the artist intended.

To learn more about his life and the stories behind these recordings, you can explore the Official Robert Palmer Website or browse the extensive catalog and reviews on Discogs.

When the archive finished, a folder appeared labeled simply PMEDI. Inside were dozens of FLAC files, meticulous album art scans, and a single text file: README.txt. Lena clicked it, expecting metadata. Instead, she found a note written in looping, careful handwriting converted to plain text:

"If you found this, listen alone. If you want to know why, follow the tracks in order."

It was a dare wrapped in sentimentality. She smiled and pulled headphones over her ears. The first file began—a raw, remastered cut of "Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley"—and with the first percussion hit, the apartment blurred. Not visually, but the air congealed, tones hanging like glass. The music wasn't just heard; it rearranged memory.

Track two—"Bad Case of Loving You"—made the kitchen smell like oranges and turpentine, the scent of a childhood art project she hadn't thought of in years. With each song, Lena felt less like a listener and more like an archaeologist brushing away layers. The tracks were keyed to fragments of her life she hadn't noticed were missing: the name of a childhood friend, the pattern of a wallpaper in an old house, the shape of her mother's handwriting.

At track five, the files diverged. A previously unknown recording surfaced—Palmer's voice, older, intimate, like a man speaking into a small, warm room. He spoke between verses, murmured not lyrics but sentences: "Remember the river. We kept secrets in the stones." Lena's pulse quickened. The room felt colder. The voice didn't speak to her, yet each phrase threaded with uncanny specificity. She realized the sentences matched lines from the note: "follow the tracks in order."

Curiosity overrode caution. She paused the music and scanned the rest of the folder. Among live concert recordings and alternate takes, there were files labeled with dates—some decades old—followed by single words: "June 12 — River," "Aug 3 — Lighthouse," "Nov 2 — Letter." Names: Mara, Tomas, Ruth. Places she had visited and places she had only heard of. The README's last line read: "If you want the rest, go to the places."

It could have been a puzzle. It could have been a prank. Lena lived a life calibrated by schedules and spreadsheets; a puzzle promised a spontaneous deviation she didn't know she needed. She printed the list out, folded each date and word into her wallet as if they were talismans, and chose the nearest: "River."

The river was a crescent of silver at the town's edge, a place she'd walked past a hundred times without remembering the rocks. On the bank, someone had placed a small tin—weathered, dented—with a cassette tape inside and a note: "Play when ready." Her hands shook as she held the tape, its label handwritten: PMEDI — River — 1989.

She had no cassette player. She did, however, have a friend named Tomas who used to collect old audio equipment. She texted him a photo; his reply was immediate: "Meet me at my shop. ASAP."

Tomas's basement smelled of solder and dust. He produced a compact recorder and threaded the tape. The reel turned, and this time the voice on the tape was not Palmer but a woman, soft and laughing. "You always said it was foolish," she said. "But secrets have to live somewhere." The recording described burying a box beneath a stone at the river, a box that no longer contained letters but a key. "For the one who remembers," she finished.

A key? Lena's mind flickered to her mother's stories—vague recollections of a suitcase kept "for safe-keeping." When she thought of that suitcase, a childhood memory rose like a film: a teal trunk under the attic stairs, locked with a brass key the size of her palm. She'd never found the key. She had assumed it lost. Now, the creek bank yielded a small tin with a brass key inside, corroded but unmistakable.

The key unlocked more than a trunk. It unlocked doors of time. Each subsequent file in the PMEDI folder led her to another place: a lighthouse on the coast where a boot hidden beneath a bench revealed photographs of a younger Palmer at a midnight party; a laundromat where an attendant handed her a folded lyric sheet tucked behind a detergent machine; an old post office box that contained a postcard with a date scrawled in the margin.

At every site, the music guided her, and with every discovery, Lena stitched together a story that felt half-biographical, half-myth. The notes and objects belonged to a circle of friends—musicians, lovers, and runaways—who had kept a "memory ledger" together, using beloved songs as the ledger's headings. Robert Palmer, they implied, had been part patron, part chronicler: his music threaded into the group's shared past as soundtrack and code.

It dawned on Lena that PMEDI wasn't an archive of high-fidelity songs; it was an authoring tool—each track a cipher pointing to a real-world node, each node a secret chapter of the ledger. The final entries in the folder were different: a file labeled "Finale" and a short video, grainy and home-movie warm. In it, a group sat around a table under string lights, older faces softer with time. A man looked into the camera and said, "If anyone ever finds this, know we made our own map. We called it PMEDI because music mediates memory."

The last line on the video faded into a handwritten sentence on screen: "Keep it going."

Lena sat back, the tiny apartment now full of echoes. She could have left the items where they were, returned the key and the tape, and sealed the folder in a forgotten corner of her drive. Instead, she did the opposite. She uploaded a new file into the PMEDI folder: a recording of her own voice, reading the addresses of the places she'd visited and transcribing the notes she'd found, and at the end, she spoke plainly: "I remember now. Here is what I found. Pass it on."

She left clues of her own: a pressed ticket stub slipped into an envelope at the lighthouse, a message tucked into the pocket of a coat at a thrift shop, a photograph left inside the teal trunk when she finally opened it in her mother's attic. The trunk held things that mattered less—concert tickets, a faded scarf, a letter from a mother to a daughter—yet together they made a new chapter in the ledger.

People began to find them. A teenager with an old Walkman discovered the cassette; a widower at the laundromat unfolded the lyric sheet and laughed until he cried; a woman named Mara, whose name had appeared in Lena's folder, found the photograph and called an unknown number etched on the back. The calls rippled outward like the river's widening circle.

Months later, Lena returned to her empty apartment and opened the PMEDI folder. The "Finale" file had been expanded—new footage added from strangers who had followed the tracks and contributed memories, songs, and artifacts. It was noisy and beautiful, a communal palimpsest of ordinary lives rendered sacred by attention.

In the end, the folder's name didn't matter. What did was its promise: that music could be a map, that songs could hold doors open, and that strangers with shared taste might pass stories like a baton. Lena often wondered who had assembled the original files, who had first hidden keys and notes tied to familiar songs. She imagined a group, years ago, deciding that melody could seed memory, and that someone, somewhere, would one day pick up the trail.

On a quiet night, she played the original file—the one that had started everything. Palmer's voice cut through the room like an old friend. Lena closed her eyes and let the notes rearrange the world once more. The PMEDI folder glowed softly on her screen, no longer an anonymous download but a living thing—a ledger kept by music and people who believed in remembering.

Somewhere, a new README had been added by an unfamiliar hand: "If you found this, listen alone. If you want to know why, follow the tracks in order. Then leave something behind." It looks like you're referencing a file or

Robert Palmer was a British singer-songwriter renowned for his soulful voice and eclectic blend of rock, synth-pop, R&B, and reggae

. His career spanned from the early 1970s until his passing in 2003, yielding iconic hits like "Addicted to Love" and "Simply Irresistible". Core Studio Discography

Palmer's studio output showcases a constant evolution from New Orleans-inspired funk to polished 1980s rock and later jazz standards. Ultimate Classic Rock Album Title Release Year Key Tracks Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley "How Much Fun," "Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley" Pressure Drop "Give Me an Inch," "Work to Make It Work" Some People Can Do What They Like "Spanish Moon" (Little Feat cover) Double Fun "Every Kinda People" (Breakthrough Top 20 hit)

"Bad Case of Loving You (Doctor, Doctor)," "What's It Take?" "Johnny and Mary," "Looking for Clues" "You Are in My System," "Pride" "Addicted to Love," "I Didn't Mean to Turn You On" Heavy Nova

"Simply Irresistible," "She Makes My Day," "Casting a Spell" Don't Explain "Mercy Mercy Me/I Want You," "You're Amazing" Ridin' High "Witchcraft" "Know by Now," "Girl U Want" Rhythm & Blues "True Love" High-Fidelity Audio (FLAC)

The search for high-fidelity audio often leads collectors to the elusive "Robert Palmer - Discography [FLAC Songs] [PMEDIA]" release. This comprehensive collection, curated by the prolific release group PMEDIA, has become a staple in audiophile circles for its high-bitrate archival of the late singer’s legendary career.

Robert Palmer was a master of musical reinvention, moving seamlessly from blue-eyed soul and New Orleans funk to sleek 1980s synth-rock and jazz standards. For listeners seeking to experience these transitions in lossless quality, high-resolution formats like FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) are essential to capture the nuanced production of his many eras. The Core Discography in High-Fidelity

The PMEDIA discography typically features a broad selection of Palmer's studio work, often in 16-bit or 24-bit FLAC quality. Notable highlights included in these high-quality archives often feature:

The Early Funk Era: Palmer’s 1974 debut, Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley, remains a high-water mark for funk, featuring members of The Meters and Little Feat.

The Breakthrough Hits: High-fidelity versions of Double Fun (1978) allow the breezy, yacht-rock vibes of "Every Kinda People" to shine with crystal clarity.

The 80s Rock Peak: The 1985 album Riptide is often the centerpiece of any digital collection, containing the massive #1 hit "Addicted to Love".

Experimental Shifts: Later albums like Heavy Nova and Don't Explain showcase Palmer's ability to blend hard rock with worldbeat and big-band jazz, a sonic complexity that greatly benefits from lossless audio. Why Audiophiles Choose FLAC

Unlike MP3s, which discard audio data to reduce file size, FLAC provides a bit-perfect copy of the original source. For a meticulous producer like Palmer—who recorded in world-class facilities like Nassau's Compass Point Studios—lossless files preserve the specific textures of his "tight" 80s drums and signature soulful vocals. Where to Find Authentic Collections

While groups like PMEDIA are active on various file-sharing platforms, many fans prefer official channels for high-resolution audio. You can find high-quality digital releases through professional services:

Qobuz offers several Robert Palmer albums in 24-bit Hi-Res audio, including Riptide and Heavy Nova.

HDtracks frequently stocks remastered editions of classic Island Records-era albums.

For physical collectors, high-quality reissues and box sets such as the Collected 3CD set are available at retailers like Amazon.

Robert Palmer’s legacy is one of sophisticated style and constant evolution. Whether you are revisiting the funk of his youth or the MTV-era power chords of his prime, listening in FLAC ensures you hear every bit of the suave artistry he brought to the studio. Collected LP

The search for "Robert Palmer - Discography -FLAC Songs- -PMEDI..." refers to a highly-regarded digital archive often found on enthusiast sites and shadow libraries like Anna's Archive. This specific collection, often curated by groups like "PMEDIA," focuses on high-fidelity, lossless FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) versions of Palmer's extensive work, ensuring the "audiophile" quality his complex production demands. The Story of a Restless Soul

Robert Palmer was far more than the suave, suit-wearing icon seen on MTV. His discography, spanning from 1974 until his death in 2003, tells the story of a "musical chameleon" who jumped between genres with fearless curiosity.

This looks like a specific torrent or digital archive release, likely found on a tracker or file-sharing site. Because "PMEDIA" is typically a tag for a specific uploader or release group rather than an official commercial product, professional reviews from sites like Rolling Stone or AllMusic won't exist for this specific "package."

However, I can provide a review of Robert Palmer’s discography as a whole to help you decide if it’s worth the download space, as well as what to look out for in a FLAC collection like this. The Music: Is the Discography Worth It?

Robert Palmer was one of the most versatile artists of the 70s and 80s. A "complete" collection usually breaks down into three distinct eras:

The Island Years (1974–1983): These are the "critic's favorites." Albums like Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley and Pressure Drop feature members of Little Feat and The Meters. It’s sophisticated Blue-eyed Soul, Funk, and Reggae. Key tracks: "Every Kinda People," "Johnny and Mary."

The Superstar Era (1985–1990): This is the "Addicted to Love" period. It’s high-production 80s Rock and Synth-pop. If you like Power Station (his supergroup with members of Duran Duran), you'll love Riptide and Heavy Nova.

The Experimental/Later Years (1992–2003): Palmer moved into Big Band, Blues, and even Bossa Nova. These are often overlooked but highly rewarding in high-fidelity FLAC. Technical Review: What to check in a "PMEDIA" FLAC set

Since this is likely a community-shared release, your "review" of the files should focus on these three things:

The Source: Check the metadata or "nfo" file. Are these ripped from the original 80s CDs or the remasters? Many fans prefer the original 80s pressings because they have more "dynamic range" (less compressed sound), which makes the FLAC format actually worth having.

Completeness: A true "Discography" should include his 14 solo studio albums. Check if it includes his work with The Power Station or his early band Vinegar Joe, as those are often missing.

Transcode Check: Sometimes uploaders take low-quality MP3s and convert them to FLAC to make them look better (called a "lossy transcode"). If the file sizes are huge but the music sounds "crunchy" or lacks high-end detail, it might be a fake. Verdict Part 3: Decoding “-PMEDI

If you are a fan of high-fidelity audio, Palmer’s production—especially his work with ** Nile Rodgers** and Bernard Edwards—sounds incredible in FLAC. The separation of the bass lines and the crispness of the gated-reverb drums are tailor-made for lossless listening.

The Legendary Robert Palmer: A Comprehensive Discography in FLAC Songs

Robert Palmer, the iconic American singer, songwriter, and musician, left an indelible mark on the music industry with his eclectic and captivating style. With a career spanning over five decades, Palmer's discography is a treasure trove of hits, critically acclaimed albums, and genre-bending experimentation. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Robert Palmer's remarkable discography, featuring his songs in high-quality FLAC format, perfect for music enthusiasts and audiophiles alike.

Early Years and Breakthrough

Born on January 19, 1949, in Newark, Delaware, Robert Palmer began his music career in the late 1960s, performing with various bands and recording his first solo album, "John," in 1971. However, it wasn't until the release of his 1975 album, "Pressure Drop," that Palmer started gaining recognition. The album's fusion of rock, reggae, and soul styles laid the groundwork for his future success.

The Rise to Fame

Palmer's breakthrough came in 1976 with the release of his album, "Some People Never Have It All," which included the hit single, "Manhatten Baby." The song's unique blend of rock, funk, and disco elements catapulted Palmer into the spotlight, and he soon became a staple on the charts.

The Platinum Years

The late 1970s and early 1980s were a incredibly productive period for Palmer, with a string of platinum-selling albums and hit singles:

  1. "Babooshka" (1983): This album marked a creative peak for Palmer, featuring the iconic title track, which reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart.
  2. "Riot's Edge" (1983): Although not as commercially successful as "Babooshka," this album showcased Palmer's continued experimentation with new wave and rock sounds.
  3. "So Damn Happy" (1983): This album yielded the hit single, "Simply Irresistible," which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.

The Iconic Hits

Some of Robert Palmer's most beloved and enduring songs include:

  1. "Addicted to Love" (1986): A critically acclaimed single that reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and earned Palmer a Grammy nomination.
  2. "Coming Up (The Blues)" (1980): A soulful, blues-infused track that has become one of Palmer's signature songs.
  3. "Simply Irresistible" (1983): A funky, guitar-driven hit that remains a fan favorite.

Later Years and Legacy

In the 1990s and 2000s, Palmer continued to release new music, experimenting with various styles and collaborating with other artists. Some notable albums from this period include:

  1. "Honey" (1999): A soulful, acoustic-based album featuring Palmer's interpretations of classic songs.
  2. "The Very Best of Robert Palmer" (2000): A comprehensive compilation album showcasing Palmer's diverse discography.

The FLAC Collection

For music enthusiasts and audiophiles, Robert Palmer's discography is now available in high-quality FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) format, offering a superior listening experience. The FLAC collection includes:

  1. Studio Albums: All of Palmer's studio albums, from "John" (1971) to "Target: in My Mind" (2001).
  2. Compilations: Essential collections, such as "The Very Best of Robert Palmer" and "The Collection" (2004).
  3. Singles and B-Sides: A comprehensive assortment of Palmer's singles, B-sides, and rarities.

PMEDI and the Robert Palmer Discography

PMEDI, a renowned online music platform, offers an extensive collection of Robert Palmer's discography in FLAC format. With a user-friendly interface and high-quality audio files, PMEDI provides an ideal destination for music enthusiasts to explore and enjoy Palmer's remarkable body of work.

Conclusion

Robert Palmer's remarkable discography is a testament to his innovative spirit, genre-bending style, and enduring legacy. With his songs available in high-quality FLAC format, music enthusiasts and audiophiles can indulge in the rich, nuanced soundscapes that define Palmer's music. Visit PMEDI today to explore the complete Robert Palmer discography and experience the best of his musical legacy.

"Robert Palmer - Discography -FLAC Songs- -PMEDI..."

However, I can’t access external databases, torrent indexes, or private music trackers. The -PMEDI..." suffix likely refers to a release group (e.g., PirateMedi, PMedia, or similar scene/private tracker tag), which typically indicates a user-compiled FLAC discography.


🎵 About the Artist

Robert Palmer was a musical chameleon. With a career spanning from the early 1970s until his untimely passing in 2003, the Yorkshire-born singer navigated through rock, soul, reggae, and new wave with effortless style. Known for his impeccable dress sense and a voice that could transition from a gravelly growl to a silky croon, Palmer left behind a catalog that remains influential to this day. From the art-rock leanings of his early work to the MTV domination of Riptide, this discography captures the full spectrum of his genius.

Introduction: Why Robert Palmer Still Matters in High-Fidelity Audio

Robert Palmer (1949–2003) was one of pop and rock music’s most sophisticated chameleons. From his early blues-rock with The Power Station to his iconic “Addicted to Love” music video era, Palmer’s catalog spans funk, soul, new wave, and hard rock. But for audiophiles and serious collectors, listening to Palmer’s lush production—especially the work of producers like Bernard Edwards—requires lossless quality.

The keyword “Robert Palmer - Discography -FLAC Songs- -PMEDI...” points to a specific demand: a complete, verified, high-resolution collection, often tagged with PMEDIA (a respected digital release group known for proper EAC log files, cue sheets, and true FLAC encoding).

This article provides a deep dive into:


Option 1: Annotated Discography Paper (Musicology / Artist Study)

If you want a musicological paper on Robert Palmer's discography, focusing on his career, album evolution, musical style, and significance of lossless audio formats for archival purposes, I can write that.

Suggested title:

Robert Palmer: A Critical Discography – From Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley to Power Station and Beyond, with a Note on High-Fidelity Preservation (FLAC)

Outline would include: