Vijeo Designer 4.6 Free //free\\ Download | 2025 |

I understand you're looking for a positive review of "Vijeo Designer 4.6 Free Download," but I need to be careful here.

Vijeo Designer is a proprietary HMI (Human-Machine Interface) configuration software developed by Schneider Electric. It is not legally available as a free download from the official manufacturer unless you have a valid license (e.g., as part of a trial with hardware purchase, or through an authorized partner). Most "free download" links found on third-party websites offer pirated, cracked, or unsafe versions.

That said, if you are referring to a legitimate trial version provided by Schneider Electric (e.g., for 30 or 60 days, often tied to a specific promotion or hardware serial number), here is a sample positive review you could adapt:

"Great software for HMI programming – convenient trial access"

"Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a powerful and reliable tool for programming Schneider Electric HMIs. The interface is intuitive for anyone familiar with industrial automation software. I especially appreciate the built-in simulation feature, which saved us a lot of debugging time before deploying to the actual panel.
The trial version gave me full access to most features, allowing me to test compatibility with our Magelis HMIs thoroughly. Graphics rendering is smooth, and the tag management system is well organized. If you have a valid project or are evaluating it for a new machine design, it's definitely worth using through official channels."

⚠️ Important warning: Downloading Vijeo Designer 4.6 from unofficial sources (torrents, file-sharing sites, keygens) is illegal and dangerous. Such files often contain malware, ransomware, or backdoors. Always obtain software directly from Schneider Electric’s official website or through an authorized distributor.

What is Vijeo Designer?

Vijeo Designer is a software tool used for designing, testing, and implementing human-machine interfaces (HMIs) for industrial automation applications. It's a product of Schneider Electric, a well-known company in the field of industrial automation and energy management.

Vijeo Designer 4.6 Features

The 4.6 version of Vijeo Designer likely includes various features for creating and configuring HMIs, such as:

Free Download Options

To download Vijeo Designer 4.6 for free, you can try the following options:

  1. Schneider Electric Website: Sometimes, software vendors offer free trials or limited versions of their products on their official websites. You can check Schneider Electric's website for any available download options.
  2. Software repositories: Websites like SourceForge or GitHub may host open-source or free versions of Vijeo Designer or similar tools. However, be cautious when downloading software from third-party sources, as they might not be official or up-to-date.
  3. Free trial or demo versions: You might find free trial or demo versions of Vijeo Designer 4.6, which can be used for a limited time or with limited functionality.

Caution and Alternatives

When searching for free downloads, be aware of:

If you're unable to find a free download option or prefer a more reliable and supported solution, consider:

Please be aware that using unauthorized or pirated software can lead to security risks, compatibility issues, and potential losses in productivity and data integrity.

Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a discontinued version of Schneider Electric’s HMI configuration software

. While you can download newer versions for a 42-day free trial, version 4.6 is an older legacy release that was officially discontinued on March 28, 2022. Schneider Electric Free Trial and Download Options

You can typically obtain a free trial of current Vijeo Designer software directly from the manufacturer: Trial Mode

: Installing the software without entering a serial or reference number provides a 42-day trial with full functionality. Official Downloads : The latest versions (like V6.2) are available on the Schneider Electric Software Center Legacy Access

: For older installers like v4.5 or 4.6, you must often contact the Schneider Electric Customer Care Center or check specific Legacy Software FAQs for direct links. Schneider Electric System Requirements for Vijeo Designer 4.6

Since version 4.6 is a legacy product, it is designed for older operating systems and may not be compatible with Windows 11. Schneider Electric Operating Systems : Windows XP Professional, Windows Vista, and Windows 2000. : Pentium 4 - 2 GHz or faster recommended. : 1 GB minimum, though 2 GB is recommended. Disk Space : At least 2.0 GB of available hard disk space. Schneider Electric Upgrade Path

If you have an existing project in version 4.6 and need to use it in modern software, follow this multi-step upgrade path:

Windows Vijeo Runtime v6.2 SP 12 on Windows 11 does not work.

Vijeo Designer 4.6 Free Download: A Comprehensive Guide to Unlocking the Power of HMI Design

In the world of industrial automation, Human-Machine Interface (HMI) design plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient and intuitive communication between operators and machines. One of the leading software solutions for HMI design is Vijeo Designer, developed by Schneider Electric. The latest version, Vijeo Designer 4.6, offers a wide range of features and tools to create sophisticated and user-friendly HMIs. In this article, we will explore the benefits of Vijeo Designer 4.6 and provide a step-by-step guide on how to get started with a free download.

What is Vijeo Designer 4.6?

Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a powerful HMI design software that enables users to create custom HMIs for various industrial applications. The software offers a comprehensive set of tools and features to design, configure, and deploy HMIs that meet the specific needs of industrial operators. With Vijeo Designer 4.6, users can create intuitive and interactive HMIs that enhance operator efficiency, productivity, and safety.

Key Features of Vijeo Designer 4.6

The latest version of Vijeo Designer offers a range of innovative features, including:

  1. Intuitive Interface: Vijeo Designer 4.6 features an intuitive and user-friendly interface that makes it easy to design and configure HMIs.
  2. Graphics and Animation: The software offers a wide range of graphics and animation tools to create visually appealing and interactive HMIs.
  3. Data Management: Vijeo Designer 4.6 provides advanced data management capabilities, including data logging, trending, and analysis.
  4. Security: The software includes robust security features to ensure data integrity and prevent unauthorized access.
  5. Communication: Vijeo Designer 4.6 supports communication with various devices and systems, including PLCs, SCADA systems, and other HMIs.

Benefits of Using Vijeo Designer 4.6

The benefits of using Vijeo Designer 4.6 include:

  1. Improved Operator Efficiency: Intuitive and user-friendly HMIs created with Vijeo Designer 4.6 enhance operator efficiency and productivity.
  2. Increased Safety: The software's advanced security features ensure a safe and secure operating environment.
  3. Reduced Downtime: Vijeo Designer 4.6's data management capabilities help reduce downtime by providing real-time data and insights.
  4. Enhanced Flexibility: The software's flexibility and customization options enable users to create HMIs that meet specific application requirements.

Vijeo Designer 4.6 Free Download: A Step-by-Step Guide

To get started with Vijeo Designer 4.6, follow these steps:

  1. Visit the Schneider Electric Website: Navigate to the Schneider Electric website and click on the "Software" tab.
  2. Search for Vijeo Designer 4.6: Search for "Vijeo Designer 4.6" in the software search bar.
  3. Select the Correct Version: Select the correct version of Vijeo Designer 4.6 for your operating system (Windows or Linux).
  4. Click on the Download Link: Click on the download link to initiate the download process.
  5. Enter Your Details: Enter your contact information and Schneider Electric account details (if you have an existing account).
  6. Download and Install: Once the download is complete, follow the installation instructions to install Vijeo Designer 4.6 on your computer.

System Requirements for Vijeo Designer 4.6

Before downloading and installing Vijeo Designer 4.6, ensure that your computer meets the minimum system requirements:

  1. Operating System: Windows 10 (64-bit) or later, or Linux (64-bit) or later.
  2. Processor: Intel Core i5 or equivalent.
  3. Memory: 8 GB RAM or more.
  4. Storage: 2 GB free disk space or more.

Conclusion

Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a powerful HMI design software that offers a wide range of features and tools to create sophisticated and user-friendly HMIs. With its intuitive interface, advanced data management capabilities, and robust security features, Vijeo Designer 4.6 is an ideal solution for industrial automation applications. By following the step-by-step guide outlined in this article, users can get started with a free download of Vijeo Designer 4.6 and unlock the power of HMI design.

FAQs

Q: What is the latest version of Vijeo Designer? A: The latest version of Vijeo Designer is 4.6. Vijeo Designer 4.6 Free Download

Q: Can I download Vijeo Designer 4.6 for free? A: Yes, Vijeo Designer 4.6 can be downloaded for free from the Schneider Electric website.

Q: What are the system requirements for Vijeo Designer 4.6? A: The minimum system requirements for Vijeo Designer 4.6 include Windows 10 (64-bit) or later, Intel Core i5 or equivalent, 8 GB RAM or more, and 2 GB free disk space or more.

Q: What are the benefits of using Vijeo Designer 4.6? A: The benefits of using Vijeo Designer 4.6 include improved operator efficiency, increased safety, reduced downtime, and enhanced flexibility.

Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a legacy version of Schneider Electric's HMI configuration software that was officially discontinued on March 28, 2022. While it is no longer sold or officially available for direct download as a full "free" version, you can still find it through specific official channels or trial modes under certain conditions. Official Access and Trial Options

Schneider Electric does not offer Vijeo Designer as a permanently free full software, but it provides limited-use modes during installation:

Trial Mode: Provides full functionality for all HMI types but is limited to a 21-day period from the date of installation.

Limited Edition Mode: Allows full configuration functionality indefinitely, but it only permits downloading to specific legacy HMI series like the HMISTO and HMISTU.

Customer Support: If you own a valid license but have lost the installation media, you should contact the Schneider Electric Customer Care Center for assistance, as they may provide a link to original files for existing license holders. Upgrade and Compatibility Path

Because version 4.6 is nearly two decades old, modern systems and projects often require moving to newer versions:

Sequential Upgrading: To open a version 4.6 project in the modern Vijeo Designer 6.2, you must first open and save the file in version 6.1 before it can be successfully migrated to 6.2.

OS Limitations: Version 4.6 was designed for older Windows environments. Current versions like Vijeo Designer 6.3 are the only ones validated for use with Windows 11.

Newer Successors: Most new applications now use Vijeo Designer V6.3 or the EcoStruxure Machine Expert suite, which includes HMI configuration tools. Safety and Technical Risks

Downloading Vijeo Designer 4.6 from unofficial "free download" websites (such as Software Informer or third-party forums) carries significant risks: How do I upgrade Vijeo Designer 4.6 to Vijeo Designer 6.2?

Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a legacy HMI configuration software from Schneider Electric used to design and configure operator panels for human-machine interface (HMI) devices. While this version has been commercially discontinued

as of March 28, 2022, it remains critical for maintaining older hardware like the Magelis XBT G and XBT GT series. Schneider Electric Availability and Official Download

Schneider Electric has replaced older versions of Vijeo Designer with newer iterations like Vijeo Designer 6.2 or the latest EcoStruxure Machine Expert Official Access

: Because version 4.6 is "End of Commercialization," it is no longer listed as a standard product for purchase. Users typically obtain it through the Schneider Electric Global Support or by contacting a local Customer Care Center for legacy installers. Trial Mode : Standard Vijeo Designer installers often include a 42-day trial mode

that provides full functionality without requiring a serial number during initial installation. Schneider Electric Key Features of Vijeo Designer 4.6 Graphic Editor

: Comprehensive tools for drawing and animating application views. Data Management

: Built-in manager for handling recipes, logs, alarms, and saved projects stored in terminal memory. Runtime Support

: Includes the Runtime installation tool for loading the operating system onto compatible terminals. Multi-language Support

: Supports up to 15 different languages within a single application. Nuova Elva Technical Specifications & Compatibility

Vijeo Designer 4.6 was designed for older computing environments but can be run on modern systems with compatibility adjustments.

Vijeo Designer - configuration software V4.6 - team (10 stations)

Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a legacy HMI (Human-Machine Interface) configuration software from Schneider Electric that was officially discontinued on 28 March 2022. Because it is a commercial, licensed product, a legitimate "free download" for the full version does not exist. Status and Availability

Discontinued: Schneider Electric no longer accepts new orders for this specific version.

Replacement: The software has been succeeded by newer versions, such as Vijeo Designer v6.2 or the EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert.

Licensing: Vijeo Designer is not free software. While some limited "Lite" or "Basic" versions may be bundled with specific hardware (like the HMIGXU series), the full 4.6 package required a serial number and product reference for installation. Managing 4.6 Projects

If you have existing project files from version 4.6 and need to work with them today:

Upgrade Path: You cannot open 4.6 files directly in the latest versions. You must first open and save the file in Vijeo Designer 6.1, and then upgrade from 6.1 to 6.2.

Official Support: For installers or license recovery, it is recommended to Contact Schneider Electric Customer Care directly, as they may provide legacy files to registered users.

Reporting Feature: If you already have the software installed and need to generate a "Variable Report" (cross-referencing where variables are used), you can do so via the Reports menu by selecting Variables and choosing "Cross Reference by Variable Name".

Software - Where to download Vijeo Designer v4.5 (installer)?

You're looking for Vijeo Designer 4.6 and a good story!

Vijeo Designer 4.6: A Brief Overview

Vijeo Designer is a popular HMI (Human-Machine Interface) software used for designing and implementing operator interfaces for industrial automation systems. Developed by Schneider Electric, Vijeo Designer allows users to create intuitive and user-friendly interfaces for controlling and monitoring industrial processes.

Version 4.6 Features

The 4.6 version of Vijeo Designer offers various features, including:

  1. Improved Performance: Enhanced performance and stability for larger and more complex projects.
  2. New HMI Platform: Support for the latest HMI platforms, including the Harmony HMISCU and the new generation of Vijeo Citect.
  3. Web-based Visualization: Enhanced web-based visualization capabilities, enabling users to access their HMI applications from anywhere, on any device.
  4. Security Enhancements: Improved security features, including enhanced encryption, secure data storage, and restricted access control.

Downloading Vijeo Designer 4.6

If you're interested in downloading Vijeo Designer 4.6, here are some steps to follow:

  1. Official Schneider Electric Website: Visit the official Schneider Electric website and navigate to the "Software" or "Vijeo Designer" section.
  2. Product Page: Find the Vijeo Designer product page and click on the "Downloads" or "Free Trial" button.
  3. Registration: You may need to register or create an account to access the download.
  4. Alternative Sources: You can also search for authorized distributors or resellers that offer Vijeo Designer 4.6 for download.

A Good Story

Now, here's a good story for you:

Once upon a time, in a manufacturing plant, there was an engineer named Emma. Emma was responsible for maintaining and optimizing the plant's automation systems. She decided to use Vijeo Designer 4.6 to create a new HMI application for one of the production lines.

With Vijeo Designer 4.6, Emma was able to design an intuitive and user-friendly interface that allowed operators to easily monitor and control the production process. She also configured alarms, trends, and reports to help optimize the process and reduce downtime.

Thanks to Emma's efforts and Vijeo Designer 4.6, the production line achieved significant improvements in efficiency, productivity, and quality. The plant's management was impressed, and Emma became known as a hero among her colleagues.

I can certainly help you put together a detailed article for your website or blog. However, "Vijeo Designer 4.6" refers to specific industrial automation software by Schneider Electric.

Before I draft the full article, I want to make sure I’m covering exactly what you need, as this topic can be approached in a few different ways:

Software Overview & Tutorials: Focusing on the features, technical specifications, and how to use the software for HMI (Human Machine Interface) design.

Licensing & Official Access: Focusing on how to find official trials, updates, or legacy downloads through the Schneider Electric portal. Which of these directions—or perhaps a mix of both—

The Evolution and Utility of Vijeo Designer 4.6 Vijeo Designer 4.6

is a classic Human Machine Interface (HMI) configuration software developed by Schneider Electric

. Designed to create sophisticated operator dialog applications, it serves as a bridge between human operators and industrial automation systems. While it has largely been replaced by newer versions like Vijeo Designer 6.2, version 4.6 remains a critical touchstone for engineers managing legacy systems. Key Features and Functionalities

Vijeo Designer 4.6 introduced several features that streamlined the design process for industrial interfaces: Advanced Resource Management:

This version featured a resource concept that allowed users to define styles for colors, images, and fonts, making it easy to standardize across different projects. Cross-Platform Design:

It supports various Harmony (formerly Magelis) HMI hardware, including the XBT GT, GTO, and iPC ranges. Data Handling:

The software provides robust tools for managing alarms, recipes, and data logs. It also supports Java-based scripting to automate tasks and reduce the processing load on PLCs. Multi-PLC Connectivity:

Engineers can configure panels to communicate simultaneously with multiple devices from Schneider Electric or third-party manufacturers. Availability and Legal Download Options

Finding a "free download" for Vijeo Designer 4.6 can be challenging because it is proprietary commercial software.

Vijeo Designer - configuration software V4.6 - team (10 stations)

The story of Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a classic tale of industrial software evolution, marking a time when touch-screen interfaces (HMIs) were transitioning from simple button-replacers to sophisticated data hubs. The Genesis of Vijeo Designer 4.6

In the mid-to-late 2000s, Schneider Electric released Vijeo Designer 4.6 as a cornerstone of their

HMI line. Before the era of sleek, smartphone-like industrial panels, version 4.6 was the "workhorse" that allowed engineers to bridge the gap between complex PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) logic and the human operators on the factory floor. The Search for "Free Download"

The quest for a "Free Download" of Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a common narrative in engineering circles, often driven by one of three scenarios: The Legacy Maintenance Hero

: An engineer walks into a factory and finds a 15-year-old Magelis screen that needs a minor text change. The original PC with the software is long gone, and the modern versions of Vijeo (like 6.2 or EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert) might not support the ancient hardware. The Student/Learner

: A student finds a piece of surplus hardware on eBay and wants to learn automation without the multi-thousand-dollar price tag of industrial licensing. The Hardware Transition

: Vijeo Designer 4.6 was notable because it was often bundled with specific hardware or offered as a "Limited Edition" (Free/Lite) that supported only small, basic screens like the Magelis XBT N/R/RT series. The Reality of the Software

In the professional world, Vijeo Designer has never truly been "Freeware." It is proprietary software that originally required a printed license sticker and a serial number. The "Free" Version : Schneider Electric did offer a Vijeo Designer Lite Limited Edition

. This version allowed users to configure small, alphanumeric displays for free, but it locked out the more advanced color touchscreens. Compatibility

: Finding a download today is difficult because version 4.6 was designed for Windows XP

. Running it on Windows 10 or 11 usually requires a Virtual Machine to handle the older drivers. The Legacy

Today, version 4.6 is mostly a digital relic. Most professionals have migrated to Vijeo Designer 6.2 or the newer EcoStruxure

suite. However, the 4.6 "Free Download" remains a popular search term for those trying to keep the machines of the past running in the world of the future.

If you are looking for a legitimate way to program older screens, it is often best to contact Schneider Electric support

or look for their modern "Free Trial" versions, which can sometimes import and convert those old 4.6 projects into a format compatible with modern hardware. or instructions on how to convert old Vijeo projects

Official free downloads for Vijeo Designer 4.6 are no longer actively provided by Schneider Electric, as this version was discontinued on March 28, 2022. While third-party sites like Software Informer may list installers, these are not official and may lack security or license validation. Official Alternatives and Licensing

Schneider Electric generally offers Vijeo Designer as paid software, but there are trial and limited options available:

Trial Mode: Installing modern versions (like V6.2 or V6.3) without entering a serial number typically initiates a 21 to 42-day trial with full functionality.

Limited Edition: This mode allows for full configuration but limits hardware downloads strictly to the HMISTO and HMISTU series HMI panels. I understand you're looking for a positive review

Upgrading: If you have existing 4.6 project files, they can be opened in newer versions like V5.1 or V6.1 to be upgraded, though direct "save as" to older versions is not supported. Current Vijeo Designer Versions

If you need a reliable, supported version for modern systems like Windows 10 or 11, consider current licensed options:

Vijeo Designer 6.3 Single-User License (VJDBTPRO1P): A digital license for one station, compatible with Windows 11 and a wide range of Harmony panels.

Vijeo Designer 6.2 (VJDSNDTGSV62M): Often sold via DVD-ROM and compatible with older Windows versions like Windows 7 and 8.1.

For specific legacy support or to inquire about obtaining the old 4.6 installer for critical repairs, Schneider Electric recommends contacting their Customer Care Center directly.

Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a proprietary Human-Machine Interface (HMI) configuration software by Schneider Electric and is not legally available as a free download. Attempting to download this software from unauthorized third-party sites or "cracked" file repositories poses severe security risks, including malware, system instability, and legal complications.

Because industrial environments rely on stability and safety, the following guide details the purpose of the software, the risks of unauthorized downloads, and the legitimate ways to obtain access. 💡 What is Vijeo Designer 4.6?

Vijeo Designer is a dedicated software package used to develop complex operator dialogue applications for human-machine interfaces. Version 4.6 is a legacy iteration of this software, originally tailored for classic hardware like the Magelis XBT G and XBT GT graphic terminals. Key Features of the Vijeo Designer Suite:

Terminal Programming: Creates dynamic user interface screens with moving objects, zooms, and level indicators.

Interlinking Controls: Features built-in alarms, recipes, trend graphs, and custom script actions.

Simulators: Allows engineers to simulate the project on a PC before pushing it live to physical machinery. ⚠️ The Dangers of "Free Download" Sites

Many websites promising a "free download" or "cracked full version" of Vijeo Designer 4.6 are highly unsafe. 1. Malware and Cyber Attacks

Files downloaded from non-official sources often harbor trojans, ransomware, or keyloggers. In an industrial or automation environment, a single compromised file can paralyze a company’s network or production floor. 2. File Corruption & Fatal Bugs

Pirated software is modified by removing license checks, which frequently breaks core functionalities. Using corrupt software to program high-voltage or complex physical machinery can result in dangerous physical hazards or failed project builds. 3. Legal and Compliance Violations

Using unlicensed engineering software violates intellectual property laws. For automated manufacturing lines, non-compliance can void insurance policies and lead to heavy corporate fines. 🛠️ Legitimate Ways to Access Vijeo Designer

To obtain the software safely and legally, you have a few official paths depending on your needs. 1. Check Your Local Software Archives

If you are an engineer trying to maintain an older legacy terminal (like a Magelis XBT GT), your company may already own site licenses for Vijeo Designer. Check with your IT department or automation engineering library for active install disks or authorized setup files. 2. Contact Schneider Electric Directly

Since version 4.6 is a legacy product, it has been replaced by newer versions like Vijeo Designer 6.2 and 6.3. To acquire a legacy installer or request support transferring an old project, you should directly contact the Schneider Electric Support Center. 3. Move to Modern Suites

Schneider Electric now groups many of its HMI configuration tools into modern platforms like EcoStruxure Machine Expert. If you are looking to update your systems, check out their Digital Online Catalog to find free trial versions or official purchases of updated HMI software.

Are you attempting to troubleshoot an existing legacy project, or are you looking to build a brand-new HMI application?

How to download Vijeo Designer v6.1 (installer) | Schneider Electric UK

Vijeo Designer 4.6 Free Download

Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a powerful and intuitive software tool for creating and designing HMI (Human-Machine Interface) applications. Developed by Schneider Electric, Vijeo Designer is widely used in industrial automation and control systems.

Key Features of Vijeo Designer 4.6:

Benefits of Using Vijeo Designer 4.6:

System Requirements for Vijeo Designer 4.6:

Vijeo Designer 4.6 Free Download:

You can download Vijeo Designer 4.6 free trial version from the official Schneider Electric website. Please note that the free trial version may have limitations and is intended for evaluation purposes only.

Caution:

Alternatives to Vijeo Designer 4.6:

3. The Reclaiming of the "Home"

Indian lifestyle content used to be about what happens outside—the markets, the temples, the street food. Now, the lens has turned inward.

What is Vijeo Designer 4.6?

Vijeo Designer 4.6 is a version of Schneider Electric’s configuration software for its Magelis line of HMI panels (XBT GH, XBT GT, XBT GK, and HMISTO, HMISTU series). While newer versions (Vijeo Designer 6.2 and EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert) exist, version 4.6 remains highly relevant for several reasons:

Key Features of Vijeo Designer 4.6:

1. The "Modern Traditionalist" Aesthetic

The most viral Indian creators have mastered a specific visual language: the juxtaposition of the ancient with the ultra-modern.

Step 2: Verify the File Integrity

The official ISO or ZIP file for Vijeo Designer 4.6 is approximately 1.2 GB to 1.8 GB. The file name usually looks like: VJDESIGNER_V460_Setup.zip

Checksum (example - check actual site for current hash): Always verify the SHA-256 hash on the official site.

5. The Unfiltered "Cultured Chaos"

Not all content is aspirational. A huge segment of successful Indian lifestyle vlogs is purely observational comedy about the absurdities of everyday life.

2. The Slow Food Movement (Desi Edition)

Forget the 5-minute recipe hack. The new wave of Indian food content is hyper-regional and painstakingly slow.

System Requirements

Before attempting to install Vijeo Designer 4.6, ensure your workstation meets the minimum specifications typically required for this legacy software: "Great software for HMI programming – convenient trial