Antenna And Wave Propagation By Kd Prasad Ppt Full — Better

The Ultimate Guide to “Antenna and Wave Propagation by KD Prasad PPT Full”: A Comprehensive Resource for Engineering Students

Module 6: Wave Propagation (30-35 slides – the most important for exams)

  • Ground wave propagation: Attenuation factor, soil conductivity effects.
  • Sky wave propagation: Ionospheric layers (D, E, F1, F2), critical frequency, maximum usable frequency (MUF), skip distance, virtual height.
  • Space wave propagation: Line-of-sight (LOS), ducting, fading, tropospheric scattering.
  • Numericals: Calculate MUF given critical frequency and angle of incidence.

Section 3: Antenna Arrays

Slide 14: Array Basics

  • AF (Array Factor)
  • Element factor × AF = total pattern

Slide 15: Two-Element Array

  • Equal amplitude, phase difference δ
  • AF = 2 cos[(kd cosθ + δ)/2]

Slide 16: N-Element Uniform Linear Array

  • AF = sin(Nψ/2) / sin(ψ/2), ψ = kd cosθ + δ
  • Broadside (δ=0), Endfire (δ=-kd)

Slide 17: Hansen-Woodyard Endfire

  • Increased directivity for endfire
  • δ = -kd – π/N

Section 6: Wave Propagation

Slide 26: EM Wave Propagation Mechanisms

  • Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction, Scattering

Slide 27: Ground Wave (Surface Wave)

  • Frequencies < 2 MHz (AM broadcast)
  • Vertically polarized, follows earth curvature
  • Attenuation depends on ground conductivity

Slide 28: Sky Wave (Ionospheric Propagation)

  • 2 – 30 MHz
  • Refraction by ionosphere layers (D, E, F1, F2)
  • MUF, LUF, Skip distance, Fading

Slide 29: Space Wave (Line of Sight)

  • 30 MHz (FM, TV, Microwave)

  • Direct + ground reflected ray
  • Radio horizon ≈ 4.12√(ht(m)) + 4.12√(hr(m)) km

Slide 30: Tropospheric Propagation

  • Ducting due to temperature inversion
  • Scatter propagation (beyond horizon)

Slide 31: Diffraction & Fresnel Zones

  • Knife-edge diffraction (Huygens-Fresnel)
  • Fresnel clearance for LOS links

Slide 32: Free Space Path Loss (FSPL)

  • FSPL(dB) = 20 log10(d) + 20 log10(f) + 32.44 (d in km, f in MHz)

Section 1: Antenna Fundamentals

Slide 1: Title
Antenna & Wave Propagation – K. D. Prasad

Slide 2: What is an Antenna?

  • Definition: A transducer between guided wave and free space wave
  • Transmitting & receiving reciprocity

Slide 3: Radiation Mechanism

  • Accelerated charge produces EM wave
  • Dipole example: current distribution on wire

Slide 4: Antenna Parameters (Part 1)

  • Radiation Pattern (E-plane & H-plane)
  • Isotropic, Directional, Omnidirectional
  • Directivity (D)
  • Gain (G) = η × D

Slide 5: Antenna Parameters (Part 2)

  • Radiation Resistance (Rr)
  • Efficiency (η = Rr / (Rr+Rloss))
  • Beamwidth (HPBW, FNBW)
  • Sidelobe level (SLL)

Slide 6: Input Impedance & Bandwidth

  • Zin = Rin + jXin
  • Bandwidth (impedance, pattern, polarization)

Slide 7: Polarization

  • Linear, Circular (RHCP/LHCP), Elliptical
  • Polarization loss factor (PLF)

Slide 8: Friis Transmission Equation

  • Pr / Pt = (Gt Gr λ²) / (4πR)²

How to Convert This into a PPT

  1. Use PowerPoint or Google Slides
  2. For each slide:
    • Title at top
    • 3–6 bullet points
    • Add a diagram from the book (or sketch)
    • Include key formula (if any)
  3. Recommended slides per chapter: 10–20
  4. Total slides for full course: ~120–150